Simetrija na grafih preko rigidnih celic / Symmetries in graphs via rigid cells

Več informacij o projektu / More info about the project

Naziv projekta
Project title
Simetrija na grafih preko rigidnih celic / Symmetries in graphs via rigid cells
Vodja projekta
Project leader
Dragan Marušič
Partner
Lead partner
UP IAM
Akronim / Številka projekta
Project acronym / number
J1-2451
Tip projekta
Project type
Projekt ARRS
Subtip projekta
Project subtype
Programska skupina
ARRS klasifikacija
ARRS classification
Temeljni projekt
Kategorija projekta
Project category
ARRS
Trajanje
Duration
September 1, 2020 – August 31, 2023

Vsebina projekta / Project content

SLO
Pri raziskovanju simetrij v grafih so bile tekom let preučevane različne značilnosti njihovih grup avtomorfizmov. Vzemimo, na primer, dobro znano in še vedno odprto policirkulantno domnevo, ki pravi, da vsak točkovno tranzitiven (di)graf dopušča premikalke (deranžma) praštevilskega reda, to je, avtomorfizem praštevilskega reda, ki nima fiksnih točk. Rezultati, ki so bili dobljeni doslej, nakazujejo, da določene pomembne lastnosti točkovno tranzitivnih grafov izhajajo in se lahko izpeljejo iz takšnih avtomorfizmov. Na drugi skrajnosti pa bi želeli študirati tiste avtomorfizme, ki fiksirajo vsaj eno točko točkovno tranzivnega grafa, torej avtomorfizme, ki pripadajo stabilizatorjem točk. V tem kontekstu se takoj naravno pojavi naslednje vprašanje: Katere ostale dodatne točke bo fiksiral takšen avtomorfizem? Bolj natančno, kakšna je struktura podgrafa, ki ga inducirajo tiste točke, ki jih ta avtomorfizem fiksira? To vprašanje je bistvena vsebina predlaganega projekta. Podgrafe, inducirane z množico vseh fiksnih točk danega avtomorfizma, bomo imenovali rigidni podgrafi, povezano komponento takega podgrafa pa imenujemo rigidna celica. Uporabili bomo mešano strategijo pristopa k problemu simetrije s kombiniranjem grupno-teoretičnih in grafovskoteoretičnih orodij. Pričakujejo se nova spoznanja o notranji strukturi točkovno tranzitivnih in drugih razredov grafov, ki zadoščajo specifičnim simetrijskim pogojem. Naslednji glavni
poudarki raziskave bodo zajeti v okviru tega predloga projekta:
– Študij strukture rigidnih celic v točkovno tranzitivnih grafih.
– Študij strukture avtomorfizmov, ki porodijo rigidne celice. Posebej, bo obravnavano naslednje vprašanje: pod kakšnimi pogoji avtomorfizmi istega reda pripadajo istemu konjugiranostnemu razredu v grupi avtomorfizmov?
– Iskanje kombinatoričnih (grafovsko-teoretičnih) odsevov koncepta realih (krepko realnih) elementov grupe (še posebej glede na konsistentne cikle v grafih), kjer je element grupe realen, če pripada istemu konjugiranostnemu razredu kot njegov obrat, in krepko realen, če je konjugiran svojemu obratu glede na neko involucijo.
Končno, v skladu s pogosto izraženo zahtevo matematične skupnosti po omejitvi uporabe Klasifikacije končnih enostavnih grup (CFSG) pri obravnavi problemov algebraične teorije grafov in permutacijskih grup, bomo poskušali poiskati neposredne dokaze nekaterih izrekov iz tega področja, za katerih potrditev je doslej CFSG igrala bistveno vlogo.
ANG
When dealing with symmetries in graphs different features of their automorphism groups have been studied over the years. Let us take, for example, the well-known and still open polycirculant conjecture which states that every vertex-transitive (di)graph admits a derangement of prime order, that is, an automorphism of prime order without fixed vertices. The results obtained thus far suggest that certain important properties of vertex-transitive graphs are reflected in and may be deduced from such automorphisms. At the other extreme one might want to study those automorphisms which do fix at least one vertex of a vertex-transitive graph, that is, automorphisms which belong to vertex stabilizers. In this context an immediate natural question arises:
What other additional vertices will such an automorphism fix? More precisely, what is the structure of the subgraph induced by all the vertices fixed by this automorphsim?
This question is the essential ingredient of the proposed project. The subgraphs induced by the set of all fixed vertices of a given automorphism will be referred to as rigid subgraphs, and a connected component of such a subgraph will be called a rigid cell. We will adopt a mixed strategy approach to the symmetry problem by combining group-theoretic and graphtheoretic tools. New insights into inner structure of vertex-transitive graphs and other classes of graphs satisfying certain specific symmetry conditions, are expected. The following main lines of research will be pursued within this project proposal: Studying the structure of rigid cells in vertex-transitive graphs. Studying the structure of automorphisms giving rise to rigid cells. In particular, addressing the following question: under what conditions automorphisms of the same order belong to the same conjugacy class in the automorphism group? Finding combinatorial (graph-theoretic) reflections of the concept of real (strongly real) group elements (in particular with regards to consistent cycles in graphs) , where an element of a group is real if it belongs to the same conjugacy class as its inverse, and is strongly real if it is conjugate to its inverse via an involution.
Finally, in line with certain opinions in mathematical community that a more conservative use of the Classification of finite simple groups (CFSG) in various problems in algebraic graph theory and the theory of permutation groups should be adopted, attempts will be made to find direct proofs of certain theorems in whose completion the CFSG had played an essential role.

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